ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of 8 weeks of protein supplementation plus hyper-caloricintake and resistance training on hypertrophy, hormones, and energy components of underweight males. Onehundred sixty-seven underweight males from Dhahran region aged 18 to 20 years with BMI of less than 18.5Kg/m2 were divided into protein supplementation with hyper-caloric intake and resistance training group 1 (G1, n =21), the resistance training group 2 (G-2, n=48), protein supplementation group 3 (G-3, n=32) and acontrol group 4 (G-4, n=38). The subjects were measured before and after the training Physical Characteristics(PC) [body mass (BM), optimal body mass (OBM), height (H), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF),fat-free mass (FFM)], hormones [Triiodothyronine (FT3), Thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),cortisol and testosterone], energy components, food intake (FI), energy needs (EN) and 1Resistance Maximum(1RM) tests [leg press (LP), chest press (CP) and abdomen press (ABDO)]. The resistance training (RT) was for8 weeks, twice per week 30 minutes per session for G-1 and G-2. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0software. Mean and the standard deviation was calculated for all subjects. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was utilized to compare the mean differences between groups and the level was at P≤0.05. The resultsshowed that BM and FFM had main effects for time and interaction effects for a time by groups (P<0.05) but notfor groups (P>0.05). In 1RM strength tests for LP, CP, and ABDO there were main effects for the time, groups,and interaction effects for time for groups (P<0.05). FT3 and FT4 showed main effects for time only (P<0.05)but TSH, CORTI, and TESTO did show any changes. FI showed main effects for the time, groups, and interactioneffects for a time by groups (P<0.05). It was concluded that the intervention program helps in gaining bodyweightand increasing the fat-free mass. Besides, the resistance training aided to raise the strength, food intake with nochanges in the hormones
ABSTRACT
The purpose of present study was to examine correlation between Training Load (TL), Monotony (MT), Strain (ST), AcuteChronic Work Load Ratio (ACWR), Sleep, Well-being and Incidence of Injuries over a pre competitive season. The presentstudy further compares Training load, Monotony, Strain and ACWR over seven weeks of training in a swimming team.Twelve males from the university swimming team took part in the study with the mean age of 20.41 years, mean weight 71.16kg and mean BMI 22.19. All participants who enrolled in the study were followed and monitored for a period of seven weekswhich included both training and competition. The training load was measured by Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) ×time. ACWR, strain and monotony were calculated using standard formulas. Sleep quality was measured using PittsburgSleep Quality Index and well-being was assessed using WHO -5 well-being Index. Pearson correlation coefficients was usedto examine the relationships. There were some interesting findings as very few injuries (n=3) occur during the training andno injury taking place during the competition. Interestingly, no relationship was seen between various training parametersand sleep. While strong positive relationship was seen between TL and ST (r = 0.89), TL and ACWR (r = 0.80) and ST andACWR (r = 0.78). The relationship was also found between ACWR and Well-being (r = 0.71). The findings suggest that thetraining load was well within the acceptable range as enough recovery days were provided during the training weeks. One ofthe major limitations of the present study was that it was set up in a very demanding academic environment and therefore itmay not be appropriate to generalize the findings to rest of the population or different geographical and educational settings.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El análisis del contorno de la onda de volumen de pulso arterial ha sido útil para el diagnóstico no invasivo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, pero los orígenes patofisiológicos que contribuyen a este contorno no están totalmente explicados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue hallar el nivel de coincidencia de un nuevo modelo conceptual simple, basado en las fuerzas hemodinámicas, con respecto a un nuevo modelo matemático aplicado a las diferentes clases de ondas de volumen de pulso arterial en dedos de miembros inferiores. Métodos: la propuesta del modelo conceptual se basó en que este contorno es la suma de pares de gradientes de fuerzas hemodinámicas de acción, provenientes del corazón, la aorta y el distrito arterial periférico, y las de reacción, provenientes de la pared arterial músculo-elástica bajo estudio. El modelo matemático fue diseñado como un problema de programación no lineal, para hallar las 6 incógnitas numéricas de cada par de gradientes, bajo restricciones no lineales basadas en sus relaciones temporales. Se registraron los contornos desde los dedos de miembros inferiores, en pacientes en los que se pudieran observar las 4 clases de contornos de onda de volumen de pulso arterial conocidos. Se analizó la calidad de ajuste de 4 403 contornos de onda de volumen de pulso arterial experimentales, contra su onda de volumen de pulso arterial resultante del modelo matemático, desde 123 registros de 14 pacientes (7 mujeres). Resultados: La clase III fue la predominante, las clases I y II fueron frecuentes en pacientes con menos riesgo cardiovascular y la clase IV, en los de mayor riesgo...
Introduction: The analysis of volume wave contour of arterial pulse has been useful for non-invasive diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, but the pathophysiological origins contributing to this contour are not totally explained. The objective of present paper was to find the coincidence level of a new simple conceptual form, based on the hemodynamic strengths regarding a new mathematical form applied to different classes of volume waves of arterial pulse in toe fingers. Methods: The proposal of conceptual form was based on that this contour is the addition of pairs of action hemodynamic strengths gradients from the heart, aorta and the peripheral arterial zone and of the reactions coming from study musculoelastic arterial wall. The mathematical form was designed as a non-lineal programming problem to find the six numeral unknown quantities of each pair of gradients, under non-lineal restriction based on its temporary relations. The contours from toe fingers were registered in patients with four potential classes of volume wave known contours of arterial pulse. The fitting quality of 4 403 experimental above mentioned contours was analyzed versus the arterial pulse volume resulting from mathematical form of 123 registries of 14 patients (7 women). Results: There was predominance of III class, the I and II ones were frequent in patients with less cardiovascular risk and the IV class in those of great risk. The 64 percent of the wave volume of arterial pulse had a quality fitting > 95 percent and the 36 percent had the presence of oscillating waves from skeletal muscle. Conclusions: The coincidence of both forms is accepted to characterize in a morphologic way the contour of any class of wave volume of arterial pulse